Physical activity level and factors associated with perceived stress among Peruvian university professors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic led to the transition to remote work, triggering variations in stress and physical activity (PA), associated with context-specific instability. Objective: To identify the association between perceived stress (PS) and the level of physical activity (PA) and explore its relationship with the sociodemographic, family, work and individual characteristics of professors working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: Cross-sectional analytical study based on a virtual survey of professors. PS was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and PA using an International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The prevalence of high PS and the association with PA were estimated using a Poisson regression analysis with robust variance that estimated crude prevalence ratios (cPR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Five models were developed to assess associations of PS and PA with sociodemographic, family, work, and individual variables. Results: The information of 191 professors was analyzed; 39.27% were women, aged 52 (41-60). The prevalence of high stress was 47.12%. The age and being head of household did not show significant individual associations with PS. However, the regression analysis assessing the association of PS and other factors showed that compared to the moderate PA group, a statistically significant association was found between stress and high PA (aPR = 0.19; 0.06-0.59), low PA (aPR = 1.43; 1.02-2.01), mainly influenced by age, being head of household and sleep quality. Conclusion: Stress was associated with PA level, family and individual factors. These findings allow identifying characteristics, such as being head of household, age and quality of sleep among teachers, as being associated with a higher probability of having high stress. Subsequent studies should consider the role of individuals and working conditions as part of occupational health surveillance, given the presence of hybrid education in the education sector.

Factors Associated with Symptoms of Depression among People with Obesity: Analysis of a 3-Year-Peruvian National Survey.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity and depression contribute to the global burden of economic cost, morbidity, and mortality. Nevertheless, not all people with obesity develop depression. OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with depressive symptoms among people aged 15 or older with obesity from the National Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES in Spanish 2019-2021). METHODS: Cross-sectional analytical study. The outcome of interest was the presence of depressive symptoms, assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Crude (cPR) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios were estimated using GLM Poisson distribution with robust variance estimates. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression symptoms was 6.97%. In the multivariate analysis, a statistically significant association was found between depressive symptoms and female sex (PRa: 2.59; 95% CI 1.95-3.43); mountain region (PRa: 1.51; 95% CI 1.18-1.92); wealth index poor (PRa: 1.37; 95% CI 1.05-1.79, medium (PRa: 1.49; 95% CI 1.11-2.02), and rich (PRa: 1.65; 95% CI 1.21-2.26); daily tobacco use (PRa: 2.05, 95% CI 1.09-3.87); physical disability (PRa: 1.96, 95% CI 1.07-3.57); and a history of arterial hypertension (PRa: 2.05; 95% CI 1.63-2.55). CONCLUSION: There are several sociodemographic factors (such as being female and living in the Andean region) and individual factors (daily use of tobacco and history of hypertension) associated with depressive symptoms in Peruvian inhabitants aged 15 or older with obesity. In this study, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increase in depressive symptoms.

Validation of scale of changes in lifestyles during the quarantine period in a population of university students from Lima, Peru

RESUMEN Introducción: Los estudiantes universitarios se han visto obligados a cambiar sus hábitos debido a la cuarentena por la pandemia COVID-19. Objetivo: Desarrollar una escala de validación para conocer los cambios en los estilos de vida durante la cuarentena en estudiantes universitarios de Lima, Perú. Métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional, analítico. Se encuestaron a 549 universitarios de medicina humana y psicología de dos universidades privadas de Lima de forma virtual. Se realizó la validez de constructo, la fiabilidad y los rangos/categorías para calificar el estilo de vida. Resultados: La escala final quedó conformada por 25 reactivos. La prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett fue significativa (3514.19, gl= 300, p<0.001) y el indicador de adecuación del tamaño de muestra Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin fue adecuado (0.845). Las cuatro áreas temáticas fueron cambios con respecto a 1) Hábitos alimenticios;2) Hábitos nocivos;3) Actividad física;y 4) Uso de medios de comunicación. Al ser una escala de medición ordinal tipo Likert, se procedió a confirmar los resultados a través del programa Factor Analisys obteniendo un KMO de 0.80 (confiable) y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett significativa (5528.8;p<0.001;gl=300), confirmando la existencia de 7 componentes que explican el 63% de la varianza. Conclusión: Esta escala reúne las propiedades psicométricas para ser considerado un instrumento útil, valido y fiable para medir dichos cambios en estudiantes de carreras de ciencias de la salud, siendo necesario validarlo en forma prospectiva en otras carreras y países. ABSTRACT Introduction: College students have been forced to change their habits due to quarantine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: Develop a validation scale to recognize the changes in the lifestyle of the college students from Lima, Peru during the quarantine. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational and analytical study. 549 college students (human medicine and psychology faculties) from two private universities were virtually surveyed. Construct validity, reliability, and ranges / categories were performed to rate lifestyle. Results: The final scale consists of 25 items. Bartlett's sphericity test was significant (3514.19, df = 300, p <0.001) and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sample size adequacy indicator was adequate (0.845). The four thematic areas were changes with respect to: 1) Eating habits;2) Harmful habits;3) Physical activity;and 4) Use of communication media. As it was a Likert-type ordinal measurement scale, the results were confirmed through the Factor Analysys program, obtaining a KMO of 0.80 (reliable) and the significant Bartlett sphericity test (5528.8;p <0.001;gl = 300). confirming the existence of 7 components that explain 63% of the variance. Conclusion: This scale gathers the psychometric properties to be considered a useful, valid and reliable instrument to measure these changes in students of health science careers, being necessary to prospectively validate it in other careers and countries.

Validación de escala de cambios en los estilos de vida durante el periodo de cuarentena en una población de estudiantes universitarios de Lima, Perú

Introducción: Debido a la presencia del Covid-19 en el mundo, varios países, entre ellos el Perú, ha tomado medidas, entre ellas el aislamiento social obligatorio (cuarentena). La imposibilidad de las personas para realizar sus actividades cotidianas ha repercutido directamente sobre sus estilos de vida. Una población bastante susceptible a estos cambios son los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivos: Desarrollar una escala de validación para conocer cuáles son los cambios en los estilos de vida durante el periodo de cuarentena en una población de estudiantes universitarios de Lima, Perú. Resultados: La escala final quedó conformada por 25 reactivos. La prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett fue significativa (3514.19, gl= 300, p<0.001) y el indicador de adecuación del tamaño de muestra Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin fue adecuado (0.845). Las cuatro áreas temáticas fueron camios con respecto a 1) Hábitos alimenticios;2) Hábitos nocivos;3) Actividad física;y 4) Uso de medios de comunicación. Al ser una escala de medición ordinal tipo Likert, se procedió a confirmar los resultados a través del programa Factor Analisys obteniendo un KMO de 0.80 (confiable) y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett significativa (5528.8;p<0.001;gl=300), confirmando la existencia de 7 componentes que explican el 63% de la varianza. Conclusiones: Esta escala reúne las propiedades psicométricas para ser considerado un instrumento útil, valido y fiable para medir dichos cambios en estudiantes de carreras de ciencias de la salud, siendo necesario validarlo en forma prospectiva en otras carreras y países. Introduction: Due to the presence of Covid-19 in the world, several countries, including Peru, have taken measures, including compulsory social isolation (quarantine). The inability of people to carry out their daily activities has directly affected their lifestyles. A population quite susceptible to these changes are university students. Objectives: To develop a validation scale to know what are the changes in lifestyles during the quarantine period in a population of university students from Lima, Peru. Results: The final scale was made up of 25 items. Bartlett's sphericity test was significant (3514.19, gl = 300, p <0.001) and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sample size adequacy indicator was adequate (0.845). The four thematic areas were changes with respect to 1) Eating habits;2) Harmful habits;3) Physical activity;and 4) Use of communication media. As it was a Likert-type ordinal measurement scale, the results were confirmed through the Factor Analysys program, obtaining a KMO of 0.80 (reliable) and the significant Bartlett sphericity test (5528.8;p <0.001;gl = 300). confirming the existence of 7 components that explain 63% of the variance. Conclusions: This scale gathers the psychometric properties to be considered a useful, valid and reliable instrument to measure these changes in students of health science careers, being necessary to validate it prospectively in other careers and countries.

Validation of scale of changes in lifestyles during the quarantine period in a population of university students from Lima, Peru

RESUMEN Introducción: Los estudiantes universitarios se han visto obligados a cambiar sus hábitos debido a la cuarentena por la pandemia COVID-19. Objetivo: Desarrollar una escala de validación para conocer los cambios en los estilos de vida durante la cuarentena en estudiantes universitarios de Lima, Perú. Métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional, analítico. Se encuestaron a 549 universitarios de medicina humana y psicología de dos universidades privadas de Lima de forma virtual. Se realizó la validez de constructo, la fiabilidad y los rangos/categorías para calificar el estilo de vida. Resultados: La escala final quedó conformada por 25 reactivos. La prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett fue significativa (3514.19, gl= 300, p&lt;0.001) y el indicador de adecuación del tamaño de muestra Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin fue adecuado (0.845). Las cuatro áreas temáticas fueron cambios con respecto a 1) Hábitos alimenticios;2) Hábitos nocivos;3) Actividad física;y 4) Uso de medios de comunicación. Al ser una escala de medición ordinal tipo Likert, se procedió a confirmar los resultados a través del programa Factor Analisys obteniendo un KMO de 0.80 (confiable) y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett significativa (5528.8;p&lt;0.001;gl=300), confirmando la existencia de 7 componentes que explican el 63% de la varianza. Conclusión: Esta escala reúne las propiedades psicométricas para ser considerado un instrumento útil, valido y fiable para medir dichos cambios en estudiantes de carreras de ciencias de la salud, siendo necesario validarlo en forma prospectiva en otras carreras y países. ABSTRACT Introduction: College students have been forced to change their habits due to quarantine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: Develop a validation scale to recognize the changes in the lifestyle of the college students from Lima, Peru during the quarantine. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational and analytical study. 549 college students (human medicine and psychology faculties) from two private universities were virtually surveyed. Construct validity, reliability, and ranges / categories were performed to rate lifestyle. Results: The final scale consists of 25 items. Bartlett's sphericity test was significant (3514.19, df = 300, p &lt;0.001) and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sample size adequacy indicator was adequate (0.845). The four thematic areas were changes with respect to: 1) Eating habits;2) Harmful habits;3) Physical activity;and 4) Use of communication media. As it was a Likert-type ordinal measurement scale, the results were confirmed through the Factor Analysys program, obtaining a KMO of 0.80 (reliable) and the significant Bartlett sphericity test (5528.8;p &lt;0.001;gl = 300). confirming the existence of 7 components that explain 63% of the variance. Conclusion: This scale gathers the psychometric properties to be considered a useful, valid and reliable instrument to measure these changes in students of health science careers, being necessary to prospectively validate it in other careers and countries.

Validación de escala de cambios en los estilos de vida durante el periodo de cuarentena en una población de estudiantes universitarios de Lima, Perú

Introducción: Debido a la presencia del Covid-19 en el mundo, varios países, entre ellos el Perú, ha tomado medidas, entre ellas el aislamiento social obligatorio (cuarentena). La imposibilidad de las personas para realizar sus actividades cotidianas ha repercutido directamente sobre sus estilos de vida. Una población bastante susceptible a estos cambios son los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivos: Desarrollar una escala de validación para conocer cuáles son los cambios en los estilos de vida durante el periodo de cuarentena en una población de estudiantes universitarios de Lima, Perú. Resultados: La escala final quedó conformada por 25 reactivos. La prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett fue significativa (3514.19, gl= 300, p<0.001) y el indicador de adecuación del tamaño de muestra Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin fue adecuado (0.845). Las cuatro áreas temáticas fueron camios con respecto a 1) Hábitos alimenticios;2) Hábitos nocivos;3) Actividad física;y 4) Uso de medios de comunicación. Al ser una escala de medición ordinal tipo Likert, se procedió a confirmar los resultados a través del programa Factor Analisys obteniendo un KMO de 0.80 (confiable) y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett significativa (5528.8;p<0.001;gl=300), confirmando la existencia de 7 componentes que explican el 63% de la varianza. Conclusiones: Esta escala reúne las propiedades psicométricas para ser considerado un instrumento útil, valido y fiable para medir dichos cambios en estudiantes de carreras de ciencias de la salud, siendo necesario validarlo en forma prospectiva en otras carreras y países. Introduction: Due to the presence of Covid-19 in the world, several countries, including Peru, have taken measures, including compulsory social isolation (quarantine). The inability of people to carry out their daily activities has directly affected their lifestyles. A population quite susceptible to these changes are university students. Objectives: To develop a validation scale to know what are the changes in lifestyles during the quarantine period in a population of university students from Lima, Peru. Results: The final scale was made up of 25 items. Bartlett's sphericity test was significant (3514.19, gl = 300, p <0.001) and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sample size adequacy indicator was adequate (0.845). The four thematic areas were changes with respect to 1) Eating habits;2) Harmful habits;3) Physical activity;and 4) Use of communication media. As it was a Likert-type ordinal measurement scale, the results were confirmed through the Factor Analysys program, obtaining a KMO of 0.80 (reliable) and the significant Bartlett sphericity test (5528.8;p <0.001;gl = 300). confirming the existence of 7 components that explain 63% of the variance. Conclusions: This scale gathers the psychometric properties to be considered a useful, valid and reliable instrument to measure these changes in students of health science careers, being necessary to validate it prospectively in other careers and countries.